Comparison of four commercially available ELISA kits for diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica in Irish cattle.

Fasciola hepatica is a liver parasite of mammals and it results in poor welfare outcomes and economic losses in ruminants.

While faecal egg count is the test most commonly used for diagnosis, it does not indicate presence of migrating immature stages. Serological techniques increase sensitivity at all stages of the liver fluke infection. The aim of this study was to compare four commercially available ELISA tests for the diagnosis of F. hepatica. For this purpose, we tested three sample types; (i) known F. hepatica status sera from an experimental infection for the comparison of sensitivities and specificities, (ii) sera from pre- and post-flukicide-treated (albendazole, closantel, nitroxynil and triclabendazole) beef cattle to contrast the differences of seropositivity before and after treatment, and (iii) bulk tank milk samples from dairy herds sampled during high and low F.

hepatica exposure periods for assessing seasonal variations with the four tests available. Samples were tested using ELISA kits supplied by four manufacturers (Ildana Biotech, IDEXX, Svanova, and Bio-X). Samples were analysed simultaneously and in duplicate.In the control population Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X presented 100% sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp), Svanovir presented a Se of 59% and a Sp of 96%.

In flukicide-treated beef cattle, kits highlighted decreasing antibody levels 90 days post-treatment in variable degrees. Finally, bulk milk showed a significant decrease in ELISA value between high and low fluke exposure periods with all tests studied.Se and Sp found in the present study, confirm that Ildana, IDEXX and Bio-X are accurate for the detection of F. hepatica exposure in Irish cattle. Svanovir Se and Sp in this population, indicate that a larger study is necessary to confirm this test characteristic in Irish herds.

PEG4-Ms
T16459-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG4-Ms

PEG4-Ms
T16459-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG4-Ms

PEG4-Ms
T16459-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG4-Ms

4-Arm PEG-MA
abx085177-10kDa1g	Abbexa	10 kDa; 1 g	EUR 610.8

4-Arm PEG-MA
abx085177-20kDa1g	Abbexa	20 kDa; 1 g	EUR 610.8

4-Arm PEG-MA
abx085177-20kDa5g	Abbexa	20 kDa; 5 g	EUR 1228.8

4-Arm PEG-MA
abx085177-5kDa1g	Abbexa	5 kDa; 1 g	EUR 577.2

N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5
T18435-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5

N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5
T18435-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5

N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5
T18435-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5

N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5
T18435-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5

N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5
T18435-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(m-PEG4)-N'-(PEG3-Mal)-Cy5

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal,2K
FL077022-2K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 652.8
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal,3.4K
FL077022-3.4K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 652.8
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal,5K
FL077022-5K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 652.8
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-10kDa500mg	Abbexa	10 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 961.2

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-2kDa500mg	Abbexa	2 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 961.2

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-34kDa500mg	Abbexa	3.4 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 961.2

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-5kDa500mg	Abbexa	5 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 961.2

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal
abx085326-10kDa500mg	Abbexa	10 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1144.8

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal
abx085326-2kDa500mg	Abbexa	2 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1144.8

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal
abx085326-5kDa500mg	Abbexa	5 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1144.8

PLGA(5K)-PEG-Mal
abx085332-34kDa500mg	Abbexa	3.4 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1245.6

PLGA(50:50)(8K)-PEG-Mal
abx085344-05kDa500mg	Abbexa	0.5 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1296

PLGA(50:50)(8K)-PEG-Mal
abx085344-1kDa500mg	Abbexa	1 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1446

PLGA(50:50)(8K)-PEG-Mal
abx085344-2kDa500mg	Abbexa	2 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1479.6

PLGA(50:50)(8K)-PEG-Mal
abx085344-34kDa500mg	Abbexa	3.4 kDa; 500 mg	EUR 1479.6

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-10kDa1g	Abbexa	10 kDa; 1 g	EUR 477.6

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-20kDa1g	Abbexa	20 kDa; 1 g	EUR 477.6

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-20kDa5g	Abbexa	20 kDa; 5 g	EUR 844.8

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-5kDa1g	Abbexa	5 kDa; 1 g	EUR 444

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-10kDa1g	Abbexa	10 kDa; 1 g	EUR 444

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-20kDa1g	Abbexa	20 kDa; 1 g	EUR 444

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-20kDa5g	Abbexa	20 kDa; 5 g	EUR 961.2

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-40kDa1g	Abbexa	40 kDa; 1 g	EUR 444

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal,2K
HE062022-2K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 800.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal,5K
HE062022-5K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 800.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(5K)-PEG-MAL,2K
HE085022-2K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 873.6
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(5K)-PEG-MAL,3.4K
HE085022-3.4K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 873.6
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(5K)-PEG-MAL,5K
HE085022-5K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 873.6
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(50:50)?8K?-PEG-Mal,1K
HE086022-1K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 800.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(50:50)?8K?-PEG-Mal,2K
HE086022-2K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 770.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(50:50)?8K?-PEG-Mal,3.4K
HE086022-3.4K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 770.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(50:50)?8K?-PEG-Mal,500
HE086022-500-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 918
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(50:50)?8K?-PEG-Mal,5K
HE086022-5K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 770.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 300

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 312.5

4-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085089-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 312.5

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 300

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 300

8-Arm PEG-Mal
abx085119-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 300

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 662.5

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 662.5

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal
abx085322-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 662.5

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal,10K
FL077022-10K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 652.8
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

Cy3.5-PEG-Mal,20K
FL077022-20K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 652.8
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal,10K
HE062022-10K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 800.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PCL(12K)-PEG-Mal,20K
HE062022-20K-500mg	Biochempeg	500mg	EUR 800.4
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(12K)-PEG-MAL,2K
33-HE088022-2K	Biochempeg	Ask for price Ask for price	100MG 500MG
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(12K)-PEG-MAL,3.4K
33-HE088022-3.4K	Biochempeg	Ask for price Ask for price	100MG 500MG
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(12K)-PEG-MAL,5K
33-HE088022-5K	Biochempeg	Ask for price Ask for price	100MG 500MG
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(18K)-PEG-MAL,3.4K
33-HE118022-3.4K	Biochempeg	Ask for price Ask for price	100mg 500mg
Description: A high purity chemical with various applications in medical research, drug-release, nanotechnology and new materials research, cell culture. In the study of ligand, polypeptide synthesis support, a graft polymer compounds, new materials, and polyethylene glycol-modified functional coatings and other aspects of the active compound.

PLGA(30K)-PEG-Mal
abx085340-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 625

PLGA(30K)-PEG-Mal
abx085340-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	Ask for price

PLGA(30K)-PEG-Mal
abx085340-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 1025

PEG3-methylamine
T16457-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG3-methylamine

PEG3-methylamine
T16457-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: PEG3-methylamine

PEG3-methylamine
T16457-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG3-methylamine

PEG3-methylamine
T16457-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG3-methylamine

PEG3-methylamine
T16457-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG3-methylamine

Anti-TACSTD2 (clone 7E6)-PEG6-MMAD ADC
ADC-W-292	Creative Biolabs	1mg	Ask for price
Description: This ADC product is comprised of an anti-TACSTD2 monoclonal antibody (clone 7E6) conjugated via a PEG6 linker to MMAD

Anti-TACSTD2 (clone C16)-PEG6-MMAD ADC
ADC-W-538	Creative Biolabs	1mg	Ask for price
Description: This ADC product is comprised of an anti-TACSTD2 monoclonal antibody (clone C16) conjugated via a PEG6 linker to MMAD

4-Arm PEG-Methacrylate
abx085177-100l	Abbexa	100 µl	EUR 362.5

4-Arm PEG-Methacrylate
abx085177-1ml	Abbexa	1 ml	EUR 362.5

4-Arm PEG-Methacrylate
abx085177-200l	Abbexa	200 µl	EUR 362.5

Anti-MUC1 (clone huC242)-PEG4Mal-DM1 ADC
ADC-W-313	Creative Biolabs	1mg	Ask for price
Description: This ADC product is comprised of an anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody (clone huC242) conjugated via a PEG4Mal linker to a DM1

Anti-TNFRSF17 (clone 2A1)-PEG4-Mal-DM4 ADC
ADC-W-121	Creative Biolabs	1mg	Ask for price
Description: This ADC product is comprised of an anti-TNFRSF17 monoclonal antibody (clone 2A1) conjugated via a PEG4-Mal linker to DM4

Anti-TNFRSF17 (clone 1E1)-PEG4-Mal-DM4 ADC
ADC-W-125	Creative Biolabs	1mg	Ask for price
Description: This ADC product is comprised of an anti-TNFRSF17 monoclonal antibody (clone 1E1) conjugated via a PEG4-Mal linker to DM4

N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)
T16248-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)

N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)
T16248-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)

N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)
T16248-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)

N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)
T16248-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)

N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)
T16248-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: N-(Propargyl-PEG4-carbonyl)-N-bis(PEG1-methyl ester)

Polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (PEGMA 200)
16712-100	Polysciences Europe GmbH	100g	EUR 332
Description: 25736-86-1

Polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (PEGMA 400)
16713-100	Polysciences Europe GmbH	100g	EUR 111
Description: 25736-86-1

Polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (PEGMA 440)
24890-100	Polysciences Europe GmbH	100g	EUR 64
Description: 25736-86-1

Polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (PEGMA 440)
24890-1000	Polysciences Europe GmbH	1kg	EUR 420
Description: 25736-86-1

PEG2-(CH2CO2H)2
572081	MedKoo Biosciences	1.0g	EUR 260

PEG3-(CH2CO2H)2
572082	MedKoo Biosciences	500.0mg	EUR 610

PEG5-(CH2CO2H)2
572083	MedKoo Biosciences	250.0mg	EUR 530

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
572084	MedKoo Biosciences	250.0mg	EUR 530

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
T8232-10mg	TargetMol Chemicals	10mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
T8232-1g	TargetMol Chemicals	1g	Ask for price
Description: PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
T8232-1mg	TargetMol Chemicals	1mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
T8232-50mg	TargetMol Chemicals	50mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
T8232-5mg	TargetMol Chemicals	5mg	Ask for price
Description: PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2

PEG6-(CH2CO2H)2
HY-122702	MedChemExpress	100mg	EUR 280.8

AzoDye-2 PEG10 Alkyne
2435	AAT Bioquest	1 mg	EUR 155
Description: AzoDye-2 PEG10 alkyne is an excellent building block for labeling azide-containing molecules.

AzoDye-2 PEG10 Alkyne
2435-1mg	AAT Bioquest	1 mg	EUR 151
Description: AzoDye-2 PEG10 alkyne is an excellent building block for labeling azide-containing molecules.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside PEG2000 Ether
M333510	Toronto Research Chemicals	250mg	EUR 19000

In post-treatment use, Bio-X showed a consistent and significant decrease of ELISA value in all groups treated, denoting to be a reliable tool for assessing treatment effect at 90 days post-treatment. Finally, all tests showed to be a reliable tool for the F. hepatica monitoring of high and low exposure seasons, using bulk tank milk samples.